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The application of molecular technology to the study of cancer has not only led to advances in tumor diagnosis, but has also provided markers for the assessment of prognosis and disease progression. Over the past 20 years, technological advances in molecular biology have proven invaluable to the understanding of the pathogenesis of human cancer. The aim of Molecular Analysis of Cancer is to provide a comprehensive collection of the most up-to-date techniques for the detection of molecular changes in human cancer. Molecular Analysis of Cancer includes chapters describing techniques for the identification of chromosomal abnormalities and comprising: fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), spectral karyotyping (SKY), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and microsatellite analysis. FISH has a prominent role in the molecular analysis of cancer and can be used for the detection of numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. The analysis of gene expression represents a key area of research in the study of human cancer and a number of chapters in Molecular Analysis of Cancer address this subject. Global RNA expression analysis using microarray technology allows the identification of genes that are differentially expressed in tumor versus normal tissues.