E-Book

Tidak ada kategori

The study of biology historically has been divided into two realms: botany, for plants, and zoology, for animals. This suggests that all living organisms are either plants or animals, a theory that presented little problem when applied to giraffes and elm trees. But when bacteria were discovered, there resulted some puzzlement regarding to which realm these organisms should be relegated. Further research and discoveries only increased the uncertainty until, in 1959, Professor R.H. Whittaker proposed a five-kingdom system as follows: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plants, and Animals. The study of botany very properly begins with a few comments about the origin of life. Introduction to botany is organized into 40 chapters, which are: The Origin of Life; The Cell; Mitosis and Meiosis; Chemistry; Mendelian Genetics; DNA; Viruses; Physical Properties of Protoplasm; Photosynthesis; Respiration and Fermentation; Bacteria; The Blue-green Algae; The Green Algae; Phaeophyta: The Brown Algae; Rhodophyceae: The Red Algae; Other Algae; Fungi; Phycomycetes; The Ascomycetes; The Basidiomycetes; Fungi Imperfecti; Lichen; Plant Classification; Bryophytes: The Liverworts, Hornworts, and Mosses; Pteridophytes: The Ferns, Club Mosses, and Horsetails; Tissues; Gymnosperm; Angiosperms; Hormones; Biological Clocks; Plant Nutrition; Stem; Roots; Leaves; Flowers; Fruits and Seeds; Other Methods of Propagation; Evolution; Ecology; Plants and Human Welfare.