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Biotechnology and its applications in medicine, pharma, and related industries represent one of the most influential developments and pose one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century, both with respect to its political, societal, and ethical implications and in the search for the fulfillment of its promises for health. This book aims to describe a fast-moving subject (or rather a whole interconnected system of subjects) and, like in optics, some parts of the picture may be blurred and will require further refining. Crucial topics for future therapies are regenerative medicine and the cultivation of tissues and organs as well as the underlying genetics and regulatory, developmental, biochemical networks.Drug discovery encompasses the identification of molecular structures, the creation of active molecules, and the development of novel comprehensive therapies like immunotherapy and cellular or organismal therapy with genetically engineered cells. Biotechnology, chemistry, physics provide the tools for target identification, for the creation of new molecular structures, and for the recovery of biologically active molecules provided by the biosphere and efficiency-honed during continuous evolutionary processes. The knowledge of the biological processes and structures as the templates and targets for the identification of active molecules is indispensable. This book is devidd into 12 part, which are: Introduction to Functional Biotechnolog; Organizational Structures; Markets and Factors; Biotechnology and Medicine; Drug Discovery ; Molecular Pharma-Biotechnology; Research and Development; Pharmaceutical Production; Safety; Environment; Ethics ; and Companies, Institutes, Networks, and Organizations