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as mentioned by Philippe Goujon in his book,From Biotechnology to Genomes: The Meaning of the Double Helix, since the financial return appears risky and, at best, will only be obtainable in the long term. convincedthat the reading of the human genome is a necessary (though not, of course, the only) step in the molecular biology of all essential human biological functions, which sooner or later will be used to the benefit of medical knowledge and ultimately mankind. Several decades after physics, biology has also become “Big Science” with the genome projects and is undergoing a revolution of a structural, methodological, technological and scientific nature. Less than half a century after the 1953 discovery of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)by James Watson and Francis Crick, the great dream of decoding the entire sequence of the genome of an organisiii became a reality. After viruses and other “simple” organisms, scientists were starting to work on the genoines of “coniplex” organisms In the following pages,describes,in detail, the action talcen by the European Commission in the domain of biotechnology. This book divided into 8 chapters, which are: Chapters 1 - The Invention of Biotechnology Chapters 2 - Political Interpretations of Biotechnology and the Birth of the First Research Programs Chapters 3 - The Foundationsof the Heralded Revolution Chapters 4 - Attack on the Genomes: The First Genetic and Physical Maps Chapters 5 - The Human Genome Project and the Interiiational Sequencing Prograins Chapters 6 - European Bioteclinology Stratcgy and Sequencing the Yeast Genome Chapters 7 - The Decryption of Life Chapters 8 - Conclusion: The Dreams of Reason or the New Biology’s Dangerous Liaisons