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Chemistry, biology, and physics have revealed an immense amount of information on molecular structure and function, and now we are poised to make use of it for atomic-level engineering. New discoveries are being made every day, and clever people are pressing these discoveries into service in every imaginable (and unimaginable)way. This book present many of the lessons that may be learned from biology and how they are being applied to nanotechnology. The book is divided into three basic parts. In the first part, I explore the properties of the nanomachines that are available in cells. In Chapter 2, I present the unfamiliar world of bionanomachines and go on a short tour of the natural nanomachinery that is available for our use. Chapter 3 provides an overview of the techniques that are available in biotechnology for harnessing and modifying these nanomachines. In the second part, look to these natural nanomachines for guidance in the building of our own nanomachinery. By surveying what is known about biological molecules, we can isolate the general principles of structure and function that are used to construct functional nanomachines. These include general structural principles, presented in Chapter 4, and functional principles, described in Chapter 5. The book finishes with two chapters on applications. Chapter 6 surveys some of the exciting applications of bionanotechnology that are currently under study. The final chapter looks to the future, speculating about what we might expect. Bionanotechnology is a rapidly evolving field, which encompasses a diverse collection of disciplines. Biomolecular science still holds many deep mysteries and exciting avenues for study, which should provide even more source material for bionanotechnology in the coming decades.