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Over the ages the many attempts to treat mental illness have included physical and medicinal measures: purging, hydrotherapy, galvanic stimulation, and many other strange interventions, in the belief that doing something to the body would exorcise mental illness. In the mid-20th century Adolf Meyer promote a biological psychiatry that brought everything that was known to be relevant to mental health and illness to bear upon psychiatric diagnosis and treatment. Biological psychiatry, as it became fully biologized, has also abandoned many ambiguous mental constructs. now, a key challenge is how to bring those subtle attributes of the brain-mind, such as affects into the neurobiological area. This work was initiated with the aim of bringing together the tradition that have helped crate modern biological psychiatry. the home was to craft a perspective that could help project our thinking fruitfully into the future. However, progress in biological psychiatry is also based on new theoretical perspectives, for its only through theory that we can envision what may emerge on the horizon of knowledge. Each of the chapters underwent at least one major revision to optimize style and coverage, and several underwent cycles of intellectual adventure for both the contributors and editors. The background topics relevant to psychiatric disorder in biological terms is vast and typically includes neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and neurochemistry. The interpenetration of neuroscientific knowledge and psychiatric practice is becoming much more than the impressive recitation of the great victories of the neuroscience revolutions of the past half century. We finally seeing in many experimental domain, how subjective psychological processes are related to a demonstrable impact on the objective dynamics of the brain. the first half dozen chapters of this book attempt to bridge between the clinical and scientific issues. to do this we have to blend the fine and abundant evidence that is being derived from rather indirect studies of the human brain/mind and the detailed knowledge about brain functions we can cull from our fellow creatures, who also live emotional lives that deserve our close attention and sympathy. the logo of this book reflects this philosophy of recognizing that the multiple layers of brain/mind evolution are reflected in the evolutionary passages which serve as a foundation for the human mind.