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The interdisciplinary field of computational biology, or bioinformatics, includes both theoretical and practical contributions from computer science, mathematics and biology and involves the development of mathematical models, statistical analysis, computer simulation, efficient algorithms, database systems, web interface, etc. This text is mean to be a self-contained introduction to computational biology, where we provide the background mathematics required to understand why certain algorithms work. The scope of this series is broad, ranging from molecular structure and processes to the dynamics of ecosystems and the biosphere, but unified through evolutionary and physical principles, and the interplay of processes across scales of biological organization. The central dogma of information in biology states that information flows from DNS to RNA to protein; since a protein's functionality is determined by its unique three-dimensional structure, it follows that one-dimensional sequence information in DNA determines the three-dimensional structure of the corresponding protein.