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Toxicological chemistry as the science that deals with the chemical nature and reactions of toxic substances, their origins and uses, and the chemical aspects of their exposure, transformation, and elimination by biological systems. Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry has been designed to be useful to a wide spectrum of readers with various interests and a broad range of backgrounds in chemistry, biochemistry, and toxicology. Chapter 1, “Chemistry and Organic Chemistry,” outlines the basic concepts of general chemistry and organic chemistry needed to understand the rest of the material in the book. The er chapter, “Environmental Chemistry,” is an overview of that topic,presented so that the reader may understand the remainder of the book within a framework of environmental chemistry. Chapter 3, “Biochemistry,” gives the fundamentals of the chemistry of life processes essential to understanding toxicological chemistry and biochemistry. Chapter 4, “Metabolic Processes,” covers the basic principles of metabolism needed to understand how toxicants interact with organisms. Chapter 5, “Environmental Biological Processes and Ecotoxicology,” is a condensed and updated version of three chapters from the second edition dealing with microbial processes, biodegradation and bioaccumulation, and biochemical processes that occur in aquatic and soil environments; the major aspects of ecotoxicology are also included. Chapter 6, “Toxicology,” defines and explains toxicology as the science of poisons. Chapter 7, “Toxicological Chemistry,” bridges the gap between toxicology and chemistry, emphasizing chemical aspects of toxicological phenomena, including fates and effects of xenobiotic chemicals in living systems. Chapter 8, “Genetic Aspects of Toxicology,” is new; it recognizes the importance of considering the crucial role of nucleic acids, the basic genetic material of life, in toxicological chemistry. It provides the foundation for understanding the important ways in which chemical damage to DNA can cause mutations, cancer, and other toxic effects. It also considers the role of genetics in determining genetic susceptibilities to various toxicants. Also new is Chapter 9, “Toxic Responses,” which considers toxicities to various systems in the body, such as the endocrine and reproductive systems. It is important for understanding the specific toxic effects of various toxicants on certain body organs, as discussed in later chapters. Chapters 10 to 18 discuss toxicological chemistry within an organizational structure based on classes of chemical substances, and Chapter 19 deals with toxicants from natural sources. Another new addition is Chapter 20, “Analysis of Xenobiotics,” which deals with the determination of toxicants and their metabolites in blood and other biological materials. The chapters that have been added are designed to enhance the usefulness of the book and to modernize it in important areas such as genetics and xenobiotics analysis.