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Since the neuroscientist trained in methodologies directed toward the molecular and cellular level does not often have experience in the intricacies of animal behav-ioral analyses, there is often much time devoted to assessing a complex literature,or to developing an approach de novo. Specialists who are recognized experts in several ?elds of cognitive and behavioral neuroscience have provided chapters that focus on a particular behavioral model. Each author has analyzed the literature to describe the most frequently used and accepted version of the model. Each chapter includes: (1) a well-referenced introduction that covers the theory behind, and the utility of the model; (2) a detailed and step-wise methodology; and (3) approach to data interpretation. Many chapters also provide examples of actual experiments that use the method. The primary objective of the book is to provide a reference manual for use by practicing scientists having various levels of experience who wish to use the most well-studied behavioral approaches in animal subjects to better understand the effects of disease, and to predict the effects of new therapeutic treatments on the human cognition. In view of the large numbers of transgenic animals produced on an almost daily basis, special attention is given to procedures designed for testing mice. While there has been no attempt to cover all areas of animal behavior and sensory processing, this text will help take the guesswork out of designing the methodology for many of the most widely used animal behavioral approaches developed for the study of brain disorders, drug abuse, toxicology, and cognitive drug development. Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience is written in 17 chapters, which is Choice of Animal Subjects in Behavioral Analysis; The Behavioral Assessment of Sensorimotor Processes in the Mouse: Acoustic Startle, Locomotor Activity, RotaRod, and Beam Walking; Fundamentals, Methodologies, and Uses of Taste Aversion Learning; Drug Discrimination; Conditioned Place Preference: An Approach to Evaluating Positive and Negative Drug-Induced Stimuli; Intravenous Drug Self-Administration in Nonhuman Primates; Assessing Attention in Rats; Assessment of Distractibility in Non-Human Primates Performing a Delayed Matching-to-Sample Task; Inhibitory Avoidance Behavior and Memory Assessment ; Spatial Navigational (Water Maze) Tasks;The Delayed Non-Match-to-Sample Radial Arm Maze Task: Application to Models of Alzheimer’s Disease ; Use of the Radial-Arm Maze to Assess Learning and Memory in Rodents; An Operant Analysis of Fronto-Striatal Function in the Rat; Use of Autoshaping with Non-Delayed and Delayed Reinforcement for Studying Effects upon Acquisition and Consolidation of Information; Assessing Frontal Lobe Functions in Non-Human Primates; Validation of a Behavioral Test Battery for Monkeys; and Theoretical and Practical Considerations for the Evaluation of Learning and Memory in Mice